Three-dimensional delineation of soil pollutants at contaminated sites: Progress and prospects

The precision remediation and redevelopment of contaminated sites are crucial issues for improving the human settlement constructing a beautiful China. Three-dimensional delineation soil pollutants at is prerequisite redevelopment. However, site three-dimensional complex system coupling multiple spatial elements above- under-ground. complexity incurs high uncertainties about based on sparse borehole statistics inference models. This paper first systematically reviewed objectives fine pollutants, sampling strategies boring, commonly used models delineating relevant cases applying these sites. We then summarized effects data pollutants’ results from biased characteristics nonstationary conditions. present research status related correcting conditions were analyzed. Finally, problems challenges, we suggested three- dimensional in underground “black box” future following six priority areas: multi-scenarios, nonstationary, non-linearity, multi-source fusion, model coupling, co-contaminated